6. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)
6.0 Introduction
Water and Sanitation during emergencies is especially vital to successful intervention irrespective of the type, nature or magnitude of the disaster. Provision of safe water and sanitation reduce the risk of secondary threats such as epidemics, diseases and other health-related challenges especially in camp environment. The risks of water-borne diseases are more pronounced during emergencies.
Water, Sanitation and hygiene practices are critical determinants for survival in the initial stages of any disaster.
6.1 Sectoral Objective:
To ensure availability and access to safe water and sanitation facilities, information on hygiene practices during emergencies.
6.2 Operational Objectives:
- To provide safe and adequate water (15L/capita/day of water) supply to affected population,
- To ensure effective sanitation in camp environments during displacement
To ensure effective hygiene practices and education for the affected population
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Sector Name: WASH
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Strategies
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Requirements
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Currently Available/Deployed Activity
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Operational Constraint and Gaps
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ACTORS
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Emergency Preparedness:
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- Coordination meeting with stakeholders Identification of Sectoral agencies/partners
- Planning & Budgeting
- MoUs with Companies, Vendors, Suppliers
- Capacity Building & Refresher Training
- Simulation exercises(Bi-annually)
- Quarterly Updating of CP
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-Coordination meeting with stakeholders
- 7 Portable treatment plants
- 7 Water tankers
- 7 Mobile portable treatment
-10 Mobile toilets
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- Lack of cooperation from some relevant stakeholders in developing CP
- Inadequate prepositioning of supplies
- Simulation exercises(Bi-annually)
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FMoWR, FMoH, NEMA, UNICEF, Red Cross, SC(UK), FMoE, WHO, Water Aid,SEMA, SMoWR, SMoH, NEWSAN
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Minimum Response
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- Rapid assessment
- Activation of WASH response coordination
- Trucking of water (Trucks from Local Government Councils, Water Boards, and Private companies)
- Combined with treatment at storage and point of use levels.
- Deployment of emergency latrines
- Distribution of soap and sensitization on hygiene
- Distribution of water treatment tablets
- Mapping & provision of restricted defecation areas
- Distribution of hygiene kits
- Development of solid waste disposal system
- Distribution of basic survival NFIs (e.g. Buckets, cups, jerrycan…)
- Recruitment and training of volunteers/rapid orientation
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Deployment of mobile water treatment
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- Coordination may be difficult
- Some relevant stakeholders may not be able to respond within 72hrs
- Accessibility and communication may be difficult if not impossible
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FMoWR, FMoH, NEMA, UNICEF, Red Cross, SC(UK), FMoE, WHO, Water Aid,SEMA, SMoWR, SMoH, NEWSAN
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Comprehensive Response:
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- Refresher training for WASH response team
- Repair & Rehabilitation of WASH facilities
- Drilling of boreholes
- Trucking of water (Trucks from Local Government Councils, Water Boards, and Private
- companies). Combined with treatment at storage and point of use levels.
- Construction of latrines (Separate toilets for male and female)
- Training of volunteers for hygiene education
- Hygiene promotion
- Distribution of soaps, sanitary pads, diapers, disinfectants, tissue papers and sensitization on hygiene
- Development and maintenance of solid waste disposal system
- Activity monitoring
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Nil
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- Some partners may pull out before the end of 7 days
- Delay in the supply chain of some critical NFIs
- Due to lack of information clearing house, some partners may spend resources on assessment that could have been used for actual response
- Delay in hauling the NFIs to the beneficiaries due to logistical challenges and inadequate warehouses
- Some contractors may not be able to meet the construction deadline of water points and latrines
- Accessibility and communication may be difficult if not impossible
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FMoWR, FMoH, NEMA, UNICEF, Red Cross, SC(UK), FMoE, WHO, Water Aid,SEMA, SMoWR, SMoH, NEWSAN
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Table 12: Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH)